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Home to around 200 universities with several of them ranking in top international rankings, Germany is emerging as an education hub for international students. With internationally acclaimed degrees, numerous courses to choose from, a high employability rate after education, and low living expenses, the number of international students going to Germany is rising. If you are also planning to study in Germany, you must be curious to gather more information regarding German universities.
In this blog, we will look into different aspects of German universities that you should be aware of as a prospective student.
Table of Contents:
12 Things You Should Know about German Universities
1. History of German Universities
German universities boast a legacy of academic excellence dating back centuries. Take the University of Heidelberg, for instance. Founded in 1386, it is one of the oldest universities in Europe and has produced numerous Nobel laureates. Walking through its ancient halls, you couldn't help but feel connected to the countless scholars who had studied there before you. Similarly, the University of Göttingen, established in 1734, is known for its contributions to science and humanities.
These institutions have shaped modern education and continue to uphold their prestigious reputations through rigorous academic standards and cutting-edge research. The Humboldt University of Berlin, established in 1810, introduced the Humboldtian model of higher education, which emphasises the integration of teaching and research. This model has been widely adopted by universities worldwide.
Similarly, the Technical University of Munich is known for its engineering programs. The university consistently ranks among the top globally, especially in engineering and technology.
2. Types of German Universities
There are 3 types of universities in Germany:
University (Universität)- These offer graduate, post-graduate, and PhD courses across all subjects including the ones regulated by the government. These are generally academic-focused, research-driven universities.
Universities of Applied Sciences (Fachhochschulen)- These mostly offer undergraduate and post-graduate level programs. These focus on practical and professional skills. Hence, their courses are mostly in subjects like engineering, social sciences, and business, etc. For example, the Munich University of Applied Sciences.
College of Arts and Music- They provide undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in subjects like arts, dance, music, etc. For eg. The Berlin University of the Arts offers extensive programs in the arts and design.
3. Admission Requirements
Each university and institute has its own criteria so you should check their website directly to know the exact admission criteria. You will need an equivalent of Hochschulzugangsberechtigung – HZB to be admitted. You might also need to attend a preparatory course called as ‘Studienkolleg’ and appear for an entrance examination known as ‘Feststellungsprüfung".
Even if you meet the eligibility criteria you might have to still meet certain restrictions which are known as ‘Numerus Clausus’. This is especially relevant for popular degree courses. Consequently, you will have to appear for a selection process as per these restrictions. Consider applying to more universities to avoid any risks. Also, admission to any course is also dependent on your previous academic scores with higher scores raising your chances of admission.
4. Tuition Fees and Financial Aid
The affordability of German education is the most attractive fact that attracts international students. The courses offered in public universities charge very low tuition fees and some don’t even charge. The fees is as low as ranging between €100 to €300. The administration fee is also around €50. However non-European students are charged fees by some institutions, but even then the cost is lower as compared to the USA, UK, Canada, etc. In the case of private universities, you will be charged similarly to any other student from Europe.
Financial aid options include scholarships from organisations like DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service) and foundations such as Heinrich Böll Stiftung. Many universities also offer merit-based scholarships and grants. Additionally, students are also allowed to work part-time while pursuing their studies.
5. Language of Instruction
The majority of university courses are still taught in German, with approximately 18,000 out of 20,000 programs delivered in this language. However, if you are planning to study in Germany, the availability of English-language programs has significantly increased in recent years. Now, you can find over 300 bachelor's degree programs, more than 1,800 master's courses, and upwards of 200 Ph.D. programs taught in English. Each of these programs includes at least 50% of its modules in English.
If you aim to pursue a state examination to become a doctor, judge, teacher, or pharmacist, you'll need to study in German, as these programs are exclusively offered in this language.
German universities widely accept major English language certificates such as IELTS, TOEFL, and Cambridge. The required proficiency level for these certificates varies by program, unlike the German-taught courses, which follow uniform regulations.
6. Public Vs Private Universities
In Germany, the education system predominantly features public universities because education is considered a public good funded by the state, making it essentially free for students, including international ones. While public universities have been around for centuries, with institutions like Heidelberg University dating back to 1386, private universities have only been part of the landscape since the 1980s. Despite the recent growth of private universities, public institutions still dominate the scene.
Approximately 90% of students attend public universities, which offer around 18,000 out of 20,000 courses. All top German universities in international rankings, such as THE, Shanghai, and QS, are public. However, there are compelling reasons why some students choose private universities.
Public universities are tuition-free, with few exceptions like specialised master’s programs. They offer a wide range of courses and robust research opportunities, often hosting Nobel Prize winners. On the other hand, private universities, though more expensive (averaging 2,000 to 4,000 euros per semester), provide specialised programs in fields like business, law, and medicine. They also offer smaller classes, better access to facilities, and enhanced networking opportunities.
If you’re considering a private university but are wary of the fees, weighing the pros and cons of each type of institution can help you make an informed decision. Always check the specific programs you’re interested in, as the differences can vary widely.
Additionally, there are theology-focused colleges in Germany run by churches. These institutions offer a variety of programs in theology, care management, education sciences, musicology, and healthcare research, with some courses available in English.
7. International Recognition of German Degrees
Many students wonder how a degree from a German higher education institution will be recognized abroad. The good news is that a degree from Germany is internationally recognized. Since 1999, Germany has introduced international degrees as part of the Bologna Process.
Germany offers internationally recognized bachelor's, master's, and Ph.D. programs, except for some state-regulated professions like medicine, law, and teaching. These programs use ECTS points to standardise academic performance, with 60 points representing one academic year.
Bachelor’s degrees typically take 3 to 4 years and require 180 to 240 ECTS points. Master’s programs last 1 to 2 years, needing 60 to 120 ECTS points. Ph.D. programs, known as "Promotion" or "Doktor," vary in length, often taking 1 to 3 years, depending on the subject. For instance, humanities Ph.D. programs can take more than three years, while law Phds usually last one to two years. In medicine, the "Dr. med." degree is frequently incorporated into the curriculum, typically with minimal research obligations.
In Germany, some programs require a state examination, known as the Staatsexamen, similar to the Bar Exam in the U.S. This exam is necessary for professions like medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine, pharmacology, law, and teaching. Additionally, some older degree types like Diplom and Magister are still offered in certain subjects or regions. If you plan to enter a state-regulated profession, you must enrol in a Staatsexamen degree program.
8. Popular Courses and Programs
German universities excel in a variety of disciplines. STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) programs are particularly strong. RWTH Aachen, for example, is renowned for its mechanical engineering program. Besides engineering, German universities excel in various other fields, including medicine and pharmacy, often leading globally. Business and economics programs are also highly regarded, with schools like the University of Mannheim standing out.
German universities continually expand their course offerings to include emerging study areas. Whether you're interested in studying the tiniest atoms or the vast mysteries of galaxies, Germany provides programs taught by esteemed experts in those fields, ensuring a top-notch educational experience.
9. Research Opportunities
Germany is home to world-class research institutions like the Technical University of Munich, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, and Heidelberg University. These institutions have made significant contributions to global knowledge and innovation. Germany fosters strong industry-academia collaboration, particularly in fields like engineering. Many universities have affiliated institutes funded by companies and industry associations, ensuring that theoretical knowledge is applied in practical settings.
Germany provides ample research funding and scholarships. The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) supports around 100,000 students and researchers annually, both domestically and internationally. Germany promotes interdisciplinary research. Over 50% of publications by German researchers are co-authored with international researchers. Researchers benefit from the freedom to travel and live creatively, enhancing their mobility and opportunities for collaboration.
10. Student Life and Culture
Campus life in Germany is vibrant and diverse. Universities offer a plethora of student organisations, clubs, and societies.
Cultural integration is facilitated through buddy programs and orientation weeks. Extracurricular activities, including sports, arts, and volunteering, enrich the student experience. Living in a university city like Berlin or Munich offers a blend of academic rigour and cultural immersion.
11. Cost of Living and Social Life
Living expenses in Germany are generally more affordable compared to other countries in Western Europe. Monthly expenses range from €700 to €1,200, depending on the city. Berlin and Munich are more expensive, while cities like Leipzig and Dresden are more budget-friendly. Student dormitories and shared apartments can be quite affordable.
If you move to Germany, you will find that it is a perfect place for young people to live in, especially its major cities. Its vibrant nightlife, food, and cultural events will make you fall in love with the country.
12. Career Opportunities and Employability
Graduating from a university in Germany opens many opportunities. If you want to stay in Germany, you can search for a job related to your studies. If you are from a non-EU country, you can apply for a residence permit valid for up to 18 months to find a job. During this time, you can work any job while you search for one that fits your qualifications. Ensure you have proof of completed studies, health insurance, and the means to support yourself.
If you already have a job offer, apply for a residence permit for qualified employment or an EU Blue Card. Your job does not have to be related to your qualifications, but regulated professions may require a licence.
Alternatively, you can become self-employed. You'll need a residence permit for self-employment based on your business venture. Another option is pursuing a doctorate. Germany's universities and research institutions welcome international researchers, and the German doctorate is highly regarded globally.
You can also consider vocational training, which combines practical experience with vocational school. For this, you’ll need to apply for a residence permit. Consult your local foreign authority for the required documents and application process.
Conclusion
Germany is becoming a popular destination for international students, thanks to its world-class universities and diverse programs. With over 200 universities, many ranking high globally, Germany offers internationally recognized degrees, low tuition fees, and a high employability rate after graduation. The country's strong industry-academia collaboration ensures students gain practical experience, making them highly competitive in the job market.
Additionally, Germany provides numerous scholarships and funding options, including those from the DAAD. Students also benefit from affordable living costs and a vibrant cultural life, making Germany an attractive option for higher education and career prospects. If you are planning to study in Germany and need expert assistance, reach out to our team at Admission Gyan- the best study abroad in Germany study in Germany consultants!
Frequently Asked Questions:
Q 1: Does studying in Germany necessarily mean we should know German?
A: As far as most of the degrees are concerned, they need German language proficiency of up to B2 level. The best part is that there are many upcoming programs that will be entirely offered in English, mostly, in fields like engineering, business, and information technology.
Q 2: Can I stay and work in Germany?
A: Yes, definitely! Apply for an 18-month residence permit. This will give you time to find a job. There are higher chances of getting a work visa when you land a job related to your studies. Also, there is a high demand for skilled professionals in Germany.
Q 3: Where can I find the most affordable places to live in Germany?
A: Germany offers a variety of living costs depending on the city. If you are on a budget, consider charming cities like Bielefeld, Halle, or Passau. These locations boast a lower cost of living while still offering a vibrant German experience.
Q 4: Scholarship Support in Germany?
A: Yes! Government programs (DAAD, Erasmus+), private scholarships, and university grants all help finance your German studies. Explore these options to ease your financial burden.
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